Cultivator.



PATENTED NOV. 8, 1904.

M. G. GRAHAM.

OULTIVATOR.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. a1, 1903.

4'SHEBTS-SHEET 1.

N0 MODEL.

No. 774, 19, PATENTED NOV. 8, 1904.

- M. e. GRAHAM.

OULTIVATOR.

APPLIOA TIOH FILED JAN. 31, 1908.

No. 774,319. Y PATENTED Nov. 8, 1904.

- M. G. GRAHAM;

GULTIVATOR.

V APPLICATION FILED JAN. 31, 1903.

- N0 MODEL. 4S HEETSSHEET 3.

PATENTED NOV. 8, 1904.

I M. G. GRAHAM.

CULTIVATOR.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 31, 1903.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

N0 MODEL.

UNITED STATES Patented November 8, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

MUCKERSIE G. GRAHAM, OF OTTUMWA, IOWA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HAL -TO WALKER M. BLACK, OF DES MOINES, IOWA.

CULTIVATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 774,319, dated November 8, 1904.

Application filed January 31, 1903. 'Serial No. 141,232. (No model.)

To (LZZ whmn it may concern:

Be it known that I, MUoKERsIE G. GRAHAM, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of Ottumwa,Wapello county, Iowa, have invented a new and useful Cultivator, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to that class of cultivators in which the independent longitudinal action of the cultivator-gangs supporting the teeth or shovels is accomplished by pivotal connections of the devices to which said gangs are attached supported on wheels or runners, with a central frame, arch, or arches.

Prominent in my purposes is to provide a cultivator in the use of which each draft-animal has independent control of his part of the draft and to so provide the same that the weight of all the materials entering into the structural parts shall be balanced against the weight of the cultivator-gangs, using the axles in the carrying-wheels, runners, or supporting devices as fulcrums, thus relieving the operator of the labor of lifting or carrying the gangs in the operation of the cultivator.

A further object of my invention is to provide improved means for adjusting the height or altitude of the forward ends of the cultivator-gangs for the purpose of regulating the depth of cultivation. V

A further object of my invention is to provide improved means for connecting the arches, wheels, and draft mechanism, whereby the line of draft and the lines of travel of the wheels shall be parallel with the line of progression of the cultivator.

A further object of this invention is to provide means for detachably connecting archboxes provided with seats to receive and pivotally carry journal ends of arch-bars, draftarms, axle-arms, face-plates, gang-plates, and crank-shafts in such manner that the axle-arms, with their crank-shafts, may beremov'ed without dismembering the arch-boxes and faceplates and draft-arms connected therewith.

A further object of this invention is to provide means for expanding and contracting the scope of the arches and in so doing vary the distance of separation of the wheels and gangsupporting devices.

A further object of this invention is to provide means for interchangeably using the cultivating mechanism with or without a tongue.

A further object of this invention is to provide means for connecting the arch-boxes and draft-arms, whereby vertical oscillation of the gangs will not be communicated to the corresponding draft-arms.

A further object of this invention is to provide means forlimiting and determining the extent of oscillation of the arches and archboxes relative to the shaft-arms and gangplates when the cultivator is employed without a tongue and with the gangs elevated and carried by the arch-boxes.

A further object of this invention is to provide means for locking the arches against movement laterally of the line of progression independently of each other, thereby locking the wheels in given relations to the arches.

A further object of this invention is to provide means for clamping the gang-plates to the supports therefor in such manner that torsional oscillation of the gang-plates relative to the supports is avoided, the wear of the connected parts is compensatedfor, and the vertical action of the gangs in no wise affects the stability or permanency of the clamping functions of the connections.

A further object of this invention is to provide means for adjusting the hitch of either draft-animal to the draft-arms of the cultivator into a position above a direct line drawn from the forward ends of the traces and the point of application of the resistance to the gang-teeth or shovels.

My invention consists in the construction, arrangement, and combination of elements hereinafter set forth, pointed out in my claims, and illustrated by the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a perspective illustrating the novel parts of my production in position for practical use. Fig. 2 is a side elevation, one of the supportingwheels being removed. Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section of one of the arch-boxes and connected parts, illustrating the means employed to connect the arch-box, draft-arm, crank-shaft, shaft-arm, axle-arm, face-plate, and gang-plate. Fig. 4: is a cross-section on the indicated line t 4 of removed.

Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a plan of the device. Fig. 6 is a perspective illustrating the construction and connection of the crank-shaft, shaft-arm, axle-arm, and axle. Fig. 7 is a detail perspective illustrating the construction and connection ofthe arch members. Fig. 8 is a side elevation illustrating the construction of the device and its position when employed Without a tongue and at rest with the gangs elevated, one of the supporting-Wheels being Fig. 9 is a plan illustrating the means employed to lock the arches against movement laterally of the line of progression directly opposite each other, as in a rigid arch, whereby the wheels are locked in given relations to the arches. Fi 10 is a detail view illustrating the means employed for connecting a gang-plate to a crank-shaft, means for limiting oscillation of parts relative to said crank-shaft, and means for clamping a gangplate to an arch-box.

1n the construction of. the machine as shown, the numerals 10 11 designate supporting-wheels arranged for support of and revolution on axles 12 13. While I have shown and described supporting-wheels, I Wish to be understood as covering in my combinations any other suitable supports for the axles, such as runners. The axles 12 13 are mounted rigidly in end portions of curved axle-arms 14 15 and extend at right angles therefrom.

Arch-boxes 16 17 are provided of identical construction, preferably made by molding. Eacharch-box comprises in a single cast member a plate formed with a central horizontal opening free to receive a crank-shaft, vertical seats, tubes, bores, or journal-bearings to receive for rotary movement journal ends or spindles of the arch members, which seats are suitably spaced apart longitudinally of the plate and formed with pin-slots, whereby the arch ends may be secured to the box, flanges extending laterally in pairs from the plate above and below said central horizontal opening to receive and be engaged by a face-plate and a draft-arm, respectively, and a rearwardly-extending flange, ear, or projection to receive a supporting arm or bracket and also a rear support at times. 1 do not limit myself to the construction illustrated and described in detail, and in using the term archbox I Wish to be understood as referring to and including, covering, and appropriating to my exclusive use any structural form or combination of elements having the functions of pivotally supporting the arch or arches and providing a pivotal support for the gangs and axles.

Shafts 18, one only of which is shown, are provided and formed with shaftarms 19 on and at right angles to their outer end portions. The integral connection of the shafts 18 and the arms 19 20 form the crank-shafts, to which reference is herein made.

Draft-arms 21 22 are provided and are formed with heads on their rear end portions shaped as angular boxes embracing and surrounding the outer end portions of laterallyprojeeting flanges 16 17 on and integral with the arch-boxes 16 17. When the draft-arms are in position on the flanges 16 17 of the arch-boxes, they extend forward at right angles thereto With an upward inclination.

Face-plates 23 24 are formed as angular boxes embracing and surrounding the inner end portions of inwardly-projectingflanges 16 17 on and integral with the arch-boxes 16 17, opposite to the heads of the draft-arms 21 22. Apertured ears 25 26 are formed on and extend forward from the face-plates 23 2 1, and braces 27 28 are fixed at their rear ends to said ears and at their forward ends to the outer end portions of the draft-arms 21 22, preferably at the rear of the point of application of draft to said arms. The central portions or plates of the arch-boxes 16 17 extend above and below the lateral flanges 16, 17, 16 and 17 and are formed with centrallylocated apertures above and below said flanges.

The draft-arms 21 22 and face-plates 23 24 have cars 29 30 formed thereon above and below the boxes on said draft-arms and faceplates, and said ears are apertured above and below the flanges of the boxes 16 17 in alinement with the central apertures of the upward and downward projections of the plates. Bolts 31 32,threaded at both ends, are mounted in and through the apertures in the ears 29 30 and apertures of the plates above and below the flanges, respectively, and nuts 33 33 33 33 on said bolts engage and bind the heads of the draft-arms and the face-plates to and in contact with the outer and inner ends,'respectively, of the flanges 16 17 16 17" of the arch-boxes. Circular seats, holes, or bearings are formed in the central portions of the heads of the draft-arms 21 22, communicating with the interior of the arch-boxes, and the central portions or plates of said arch boxes are formed With relatively large openings or apertures, and the crank-shafts 18 are mounted through said heads of the draft-arms and central apertures of the plates with journals 18 thereon, fitted for rotation in said seats or bearings.

The shaft-arms 19 20 are formed with bosses or journals 19, Fig. 3, on their outer faces in line with and providing extensions of the shafts 18, and the axle-arms 14: 15 are formed with circular holes or hearings in their forward end portions, fitted to and arranged for revolution or rotatable adjustment on said bosses or journals.

Yoke-Washers 34 35 are mounted on and connect the outermost end portions of the bolts 31 32, and nuts 36 36 on said bolts bind the washers to the axle-arms and hold said axle-arms toward the shaft-arms 19 20 and in \Vhile it has been stated that the yoke' washers firmly connect the axle-arms to the shaft-arms, it is to be understood that on account of the rotatable connection of the bosses of journals 19 in the apertures or bearings of the axle-arms said axle-arms may be adjusted rotatively relative to the shaft-arms to raise or lower the rear end portions of said axle-arms, thus raising or lowering the points of attachment of the gangs as may be required to regulate the depth of cultivation, and incidentally to suit various sizes of supporting-wheels without materially changing the altitude of the arch-boxes. When the desired rotatable adjustment of the axle-arms relative to the shaft-arms has been effected, said adjustment is maintained and the members rigidly yet detachably connected by bolts 37 38, passed through slots 39, Fig. 2, in the axle-arms and through one or another of apertures 10 in the shaft arms. The rear end portions of the shaft arms are widened materially to accommodate the largest possible number of bolt-holes 10 in two arcs or a double series radially located relative to the bosses 19, and the rear end portions of the axle-arms are curved downward Through the at the rear of the shaft-arms. possible adjustments of the axle-arms relative to the shaft-arms and the employment of the curved formation of the axle-arms I am better enabled to adjust the points of attachment of the gangs, as above mentioned, and adapt a greater variety of wheels to the support of the machine than would be possible without such adjustments and such curved formation.

Gang-plates 4 1 12 are provided and formed with annular journals 43, mounted for rotatable movement in circular seats or hearings in the face-plates 23 24. Shoulders 41 &2 are formed on the lower portions and radially of the peripheries of the'forward end portions of the gang-plates to contact with the nuts 33" on the inner portions of the bolts 32,

and said shoulders are engaged at times by said nuts 33 and maintain the desired vertical positioning of the arches by preventing forward tilting of said arches when the cultivator is employed without a tongue, is at rest, and the gangs are on the ground, since the weight of the arches is not sufficient to overcome the weight of the gangs. The upper margins of the gang-plates 41 42 are circular, and hence may pass under the nuts 33 on the bolts 31 to accommodate any desired elevation of the gangs, the gang-plates moving rotatably relative to the faceplates 23 24:. Yoke-washers 44 15 are mounted on and connect the innermost ends of the bolts 31 32, and nuts 46 16 on the inner extremities of said bolts bind said yoke-washers to raised annular ribs of the gang-plates and in turn clamp and hold in close contact inner surfaces of said gang-plates with the face-plates 23 2 1.

The gang-plates il 12 are formed with central apertures in their forward end portions, and the inner end portions of the shafts 18 enter and are fitted to said apertures, Fig. 1. The crank-shafts 18 are formed with longitudinally-disposed ribs 18 18 on diametrically opposite sides, and the extremites of said ribs enter corresponding notches in the inner portions of the gang-plates and rigidly yet detachably connect the crank-shafts and gang-plates for conjunctive rotatable movement. Thus through the rotary connection of the journals 18 in the heads of the draftarms and the journaling of the gang-plates in the face-plates and the feathering together of the gang-plates and crank-shafts provision is made for the conjunctive oscillation of the gangplates, crank shafts, shaftarms, and axle-plates on a horizontal axis, which horizontal axis is the longitudinal center of the crank-shafts and is materially inadvance of the axles 12 13.

It will be observed that the contacting faces of the face-plates and gang-plates are relatively broad and that the bearing of the yokewashers 44c 45 on said gang-plates is relatively broad and is maintained by the bolts and nuts above and below the gang-plates, and thus by an outer and inner surface bearing upon the gang-plates said gang-plates are firmly and adjustabl y held in vertical positions, whereby torsional movement of the gang-plates rela tive to the face-plates or arch-boxes is elimihated to insure the stable and erect positioning of the gangs, the binding-nuts being in no wise affected by vertical action of the gangs.

Vertical bearings, tubes, bores, or seats 4:7 48 are formed in the front and rear portions of the plates of the arch-boxes 16 17 intermediate of the ends of said plates, and the lower end portions or spindles of arch members 4L9,

50, 51, and 52 are journaled in said seats or bearings and secured against accidental removal therefrom by pins or keys seated transversely of the spindles through pin-slots in said bearings. Each arch member 49, 50, 51, and 52 comprises a vertical portion having the spindle or journal on its lower end entering the vertical seat or bearing in the archbox, a straight horizontal portion, and an inclined portion intermediate of the vertical and horizontal portions. The vertical and inclined portions of the arch members determine the altitude of the horizontal portions, and such altitude is suflicient to straddle the row of growing corn being cultivated. Channelbars or boxes 53 54: are provided and formed with fillets 55, partially closing one end of each box. The horizontal portion of the arch member 19 is placed in the box 53 in contact with the vertical wall thereof, and the horizontal portion of the arch member 51 is placed in the same box in contact with the member 49. The ends of the horizontal portions of the arch members 49 51 may overlap, and the fillet 55 provides a bearing or support for the member 51 coincident with its bearing on the member 4E9. Slots 56 57 are formed in the wall of the channel-bar or box 53, and holes 58 59 are formed in the horizontal portions of the members 49 51. A keeper or gage-plate 60 is mounted in the channel-bar or box 53 in contact with the horizontal portion of the arch member 51 and is provided with holes 61. Bolts 62 are mounted in the slots 56 57 and through one or another of the holes 58, 59, and 61 and connect the channelbar or box 53 and the arch members and keeper in parallel relations to each other and in such manner that the expansion and con traction of the arches may be definitely gaged and determined. The arch members do not overlap each other so far that either bolt 62 traverses both members. Hence either member may be adjusted without affecting the other member. The members 50 and 52 are connected to the box or channel-bar 54 in like manner as the members 49 51 are connected to the channel-bar or box 53, thus insuring the identical adjustment of both arches when any adjustment is made. The channel-bars or boxes 53 54: are arranged parallel with each other and hold the arches in parallel relations. Vertically-apertured bosses 63 are formed on the central portions of the walls of the channel-bars or boxes 53 5 1, and bolts 64 65 are seated in said bosses and extend through tongue-plates 66 67, carrying a tongue 68, thereby pivotally connecting said tongue to the boxes. Thenormal position of the tongue 68 is at right angles to and extending forward from the boxes 53 54:; but any lateral movement of the forward end portion of said tongue will shift the arches and said boxes laterally of the line of progression of the machine in opposite directions and effect a positioning of the tongue at oblique angles to the boxes and arches, resulting in the rotation of the arch-boxes 16 17 on vertical axes. The rotation of the arch-boxes on vertical axes necessarily effects a rotary movement of the members connected rigidly to or pivoted on horizontal axes in said arch-boxes and results in turning the wheels 10 11 on vertical axes to theend of changing the lines of advance of said wheels. Here it may be noted that through the double pivotal connection of the arches to the tongue and the arrangement whereby the crank-shafts, axles, gangplates, draft-arms, and arch-boxes are connected in sets for rotation on vertical axes the wheels are maintained at all times in such positions relative to the tongue and arches that the lines of advance of said wheels are parallel with the line of progression of the machine determined by the guiding function of the tongue, and since the draft-arms also are non-rotatable relative to the arch-boxes the lines of draft also must be parallel with such line of progression. Apertured ears 69 are formed on and extend laterally from the forward end portions of the plate 66, and hooks 7O 71 are pivotally connected at their forward ends to said ears and normally rest and are confined in a bracket 72 on the rear portion of the plate. When it is desired to lock the arches against movement laterally of the line of progression independently of each other, thereby locking the wheels in given relations to the arches and tongue, the books 70 71 are removed from the bracket 72 and engaged with lugs 73 74 on the rear wall of the box or channel-bar 5 1, in which positions said hooks serve as braces acting in divergent planes, Fig. 9. The draft-arms 21 22 normally extend forward and upwardi'rom the arch-boxes, and the forward end portions thereof are widened materially and pierced by a plurality of holes 75, designed for effecting the attachment of draft-clevises 76 to said draft-arms. The clevises 76 connect to swingletrees 77, to which single draft-animals are harnessed, and said swingletrees are independent of each other and connect the draft-animals independently to different gangs. The provision of a plurality of holes in a vertical row in each draft-arm enables me to adjust the swingletrees vertically to suit draft-animals of different heights at the shoulder. Such adj ustment is of material importance, since it is desirable that the hitch to the draft-arms shall at all times be above a straight line drawn from the front ends of the traces of the draftanimal to the points of application of the resistance to the gang teeth or shovels.

Bolts 78 79 are mounted vertically in the rear portions of the gang-plates 11 4:2, and gangs 80 81 are pivoted or hinged to said bolts by means of clamps 82 83, bolted to and connecting said gangs and embracing the first bolts. It will be observed that the bolts 78 79 are relatively long and contact with the clamps 82 83 on relatively long vertical lines, thus supplementing the broad contact of the gangplates with the brace-heads and yoke-washers in the function of eliminating torsional movement of the gangs relative to the arch-boxes.

It will be observed that the gangs articulate on the bolts 78 79 in one direction and on the axes of the shafts 18 in another direction, and any oscillation of the gangs on horizontal axes effects a corresponding oscillation of the crank-shafts, shaftarms,and axle-arms, while lateral oscillation of the gangs in no wise affects the positions of the arch-boxes, arches, or draft-arms.

Shovels for cultivating and handles for guiding may be constructed of any desired form and attached in any desired manner to the gangs.

Apertu red ears, projections, or flanges 84 85 are formed on and extend rearward from the central portions of the arch-boxes 16 17, and hooked brackets or carrying-arms 86 87 are fixed to said ears by bolts 88 89 and extend rearward and upward therefrom. The gangs may be raised manually and placed in and supported by the hooked brackets 86 87 when it is desired to disengage the gang-shovels from the soil. When the gangs are supported on the brackets 86 87, there is a tendency to tilt the arches rearwardly, because of the increased leverage of the weight of the gangs, and such tendency is opposed and the arches prevented from rearward tilting by the tongue 68. When the tongue is removed and the device employedas a tongueless cultivator, as illustrated in Fig. 8, other means must be employed to resist, limit, or determine rearward tilting of the arches, and as such means 1 have employed rear supports 90 91. (Also illustrated in Fig. 9 solely to show their relative locations.) he rear supports 90 91 are each composed of a bar of metal apertured at its forward (upper) end for mounting on one 'or another of the bolts 88 89 and terminating at its rear (lower) end in a broad flat foot ar ranged for engagement with the supportingsurface at times. Normally when the cultivator is in use with the gangs lowered or subjected to draft, as in transportation by animals attached to the draft-arms, the arches are vertical and the rear supports clear the ground or other supporting-surface Without folding; but when the gangs are elevated and supported on their brackets and the draft force on the draft arms is relaxed the arch boxes and arches descend, with all the parts carried thereby, and the shoes engage the supporting-surface, Fig. 8, and prevent any rearward tilting whatsoever of the arches.

hat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. Inacultivator,the supporting-wheels,the axles therein, the arch-boxes carried from said axles, the twin arches pivoted to and connecting said arch-boxes, and the gangs carried by said arch-boxes, the arch-boxes and arches balancing said gangs.

2. In a cultivator,the supportingwheels,the axles therein, the arch-boxes carried from said axles,t'he expansible and contractible arch connections between said arch-boxes, and the gangs carried by said arch-boxes, the archboxes and arches balancing said gangs.

3. In a cultivator,the supporting-wheels, the axles therein, the arch-boxes carried from said axles, the twin arches, each expansible and contractible and pivotally mounted on and connecting said arch-boxes, and the gangs carried by said arch-boxes, the arch-boxes and arches balancing said gangs.

4:. In a cultivator,the supporting-wheels, the axles therein, the arch-boxes carried from said axles, the twin arches arranged parallel with each other and each expansible and contractible and pivoted to and connecting said archboxes, and the gangs carried by said archboxes, the arch-boxes and arches balancing the gangs.

5. Inacultivator,thesupportingwlieels,the axles therein, the arms on said axles, the crankshafts attached to said arms, the gangs attached to said crank-shafts, the arch-boxes mounted on and articulating with said crank-shafts, the twin arches pivoted on and connecting said arch-boxes, and the draft-arms fixed to and extending forward from said arch-boxes.

6. In a cultivator,the supporting-wheels, the axles therein, the arms on said axles, the crankshafts attached to said arms and adjustable relative to said axles, the gangs attached to said crank-shafts, the arch-boxes mounted on and articulating with said crank-shafts, the twin arches pivoted on and connecting said arch-boxes, and the draft-arms fixed to and extending forward from said arch-boxes.

7. In a cultivator,the supporting-wheels, the axles therein, the arms on said axles, the crankshafts attached to said arms, the axles adjustable circumferentially of the crank-shafts, the gangs attached to said crank-shafts, the archboxes mounted on said crank-shafts, the arch connections between said arch boxes, and the draft-arms fixed to and extending forward from said arch-boxes.

8. In a cultivator,the supportingwheelathe axles therein, the arms on said axles, the crankshafts, ends of the crank-shafts journaled in said arms on the axles, arms of the crankshafts adjustably connected to the arms on the axles, arch -boxes mounted loosely on said crank-shafts, arch connections between said arch-boxes, gangs attached to said crankshafts, and draft-arms fixed to and extending forward from said arch-boxes.

9. In acultivator,thesupporting-Wheels,the axles, the crank-shafts attached to and adjustable circumferentially of said axles, the archboxes loosely mounted on said crank-shafts, the arch connections between said arch-boxes,

gangs attached to said crankshafts, and draftarms fixed to and extending forward from said arch-boxes.

10. In a cultivator, the supporting-Wheels, the axles therein, the crank-shafts adjustably connected to said axles, the arch-boxes loosely mounted on said crank-shafts, the face-plates and the draft-arms fixed to said arch-boxes and loosely mounted therewith on the crankshafts, gang-plates attached to said crank shafts, and arch connections between said arch-boxes.

11. In a cultivator, the supporting-wheels, the axles therein,'the crank-shafts adjustably connected to said axles, the arch-boxes, draftarms and face-plates rigidly, yet detachably, connected and mounted loosely on said crankboxes, and gangs mounted on said crank-- shafts.

12. In a cultivator, the supporting-W11eels,

the axles therein, the crank-shafts adjustably connected to said axles, the arch-boxes, draftarms and face-plates rigidly connected and mounted loosely on said crankshafts,arch connections between said arch-boxes, and gangs mounted on said crank-shafts.

13. In a cultivator, the supporting-wheels, the axles therein, the crank-shafts adjustably connected to said axles, the arch-boxes, draftarms and face-plates rigidly connected and mounted loosely on said crank-shafts,arch connections pivoted on and connecting said archboxes, and gangs connected to said crankshafts.

14. In a cultivator, the supporting-wheels, the axles therein, the crank-shafts adjustably connected to said axles, the arch-boxes loosely mounted on said crank-shafts, the draft-arms extending forward from said arch-boxes, the face-plates fixed to said arch-boxes conjunctively with the draft-arms, the braces connecting said face-plates to the draft-arms, arch connections between said arch-boxes, and

gangs connected to said crank-shafts.

15. In a cultivator, the supporting-wheels, the axles therein, the crank-shafts connected to said axles, the arch-boxes loosely mounted on said crank-shafts, the draft-arms extending forward and upward from and fixed to said arch-boxes whereby the draft may be applied to the forward ends of said draft-arms at points above a direct line from the forward ends of draft-traces and the points of application of the resistance to the cultivator-shovels, arch connections between said arch-boxes, and gangs mounted on said crank-shafts.

16. In a cultivator, the supporting-wheels, the axles therein, the crank-shafts connected to said axles, the arch-boxes loosely mounted on said crank-shafts, the draft-arms extending forward and upward from and fixed to said arch-boxes, adjustable connections between the crank-shafts and axles whereby the arch-boxes and crank-shafts may be adjusted relative to the axles, gangs connected to the crank-shafts and adjustable therewith, and adjustable connections between the draft-animals and draft-arms.

17. In a cultivator, the supporting-wheels, the axles therein, the crank-shafts adjustably connected to said axles, the arch-boxes, faceplates and draft-arms loosely mounted on said crank-shafts, the bolts through and rigidly connecting said arch-boxes, face-plates and draft-arms above and below the crank-shafts, gang-plates connected to said crank-shafts and having broad bearings for rotatable movementon and clamped firmly to said face-plates, gangs articulated to said gang-plates for lateral oscillation and arranged for vertical oscillation with said gangplates and crankshafts, and arch connections between said arch-boxes.

18. In a cultivator, the supporting-wheels, the axles therein, the crank-shafts adjustably connected to said axles, the arch-boxes, faceplates and draft-arms loosely mounted on said crank shafts and rigidly connected, twin arches arranged parallel with each other and pivotally connected to said arch-boxes, gangplates connected to said crank-shafts, gangs articulated to said gang-plates, and. supporting-arms lixed to and extending rearward from said arch-boxes and arranged to receive and support said gangs at times.

19. In a cultivator, the supporting-wheels,

the axles therein, the arch-boxes carried from said axles and adjustable relative thereto, the twin arches parallel with each other and pivotally connected to and connecting said archboxes, the draft-arms on said arch-boxes, the gangs carried by said crank-shafts, the supporting-arms on said arch-boxes, and the rear supports carried by said arch-boxes and extending rearward and downward therefrom.

20. In a cultivator, the supporting-wheels, the axles therein, the arch-boxes carried from said axles, each arch-box comprising in a single cast member a plate formed with a central horizontal opening freely to receive a crankshaft, vertical seats to receive for rotary movement journal ends of arch members, which seats are suitably spaced apart longitudinally of the plate, flanges extending laterally in pairs from the plate, above and below said central horizontal opening, to receive and be engaged by a face-plate and a draftarm respectively, and a rearwardly-extending flange to receive a supporting-arm, in combination with the face-plates, draft-arms, arches and gangs.

21. In a cultivator, an arch-box constructed with a plate formed with a central horizontal opening freely to receive a crank-shaft, and also formed with vertical seats suitably spaced apart longitudinally of the plate to receive journal ends of arch members for rotary movement therein, flanges extending laterally in pairs from the plate on opposite sides of the horizontal opening therein, and a rearwardlyextending flange on the plate to receive a supporting-arm, the plate further apertured to receive connecting-bolts above and below the opening centrally thereof.

22. In a cultivator, an arch-box, a draftarm and a face-plate on, opposite ends of said arch-box, bolts connecting said draft-arm and face-plate above and below the centers thereof, the gang-plate journalcd in the faceplate, the

clamp locking the gang-plate to the face-plate above and below the center thereof, whereby torsional movement of the gang-plate relative to the face-plate is eliminated, a crank-shaft journalcd in the draftarm and extending through the arch-box and gang-plate and keyed to the gang-plate for rotary movement conjunctively therewith, the axle-arm journaled on the crank-shaft and adjustable circumferentially thereof, the axle on the axlearm, the supporting-wheels carrying said axle, and the arch members pivotally carried by said arch-box.

23. In a cultivator, an arch-box, a draftarm and a face-plate on opposite ends of said arch-box, bolts connecting said draft-arm and face-plate above and belou the centers thereof, the gang-plate journalcd in the face-plate, the clamp locking the gang-plate to the faceplate above and below the center thereof, whereby torsional movement of the gang-plate relative to the faceplate is eliminated, a crank-shaft journaled in the draft-arm and extending through the arch-box and gangplate and keyed to the gang-plate for rotary movement conjunctively therewith, the axlearm journaled on the crank-shaft and adjustable circumferentiall y thereof, the axle on the axle-arm, the su p porting-wheels carrying said axle, the arch members pivotally carried by said arch-box, and a gang on the gang-plate and arranged for lateral oscillation relative thereto.

24. In a cultivator, an arch-box, a draftarm and a face-plate on opposite ends of said arch-box, bolts connecting said draft-arm and face-plate above and below the centers thereof, the gang-plate journaled in the face-plate, the clamp locking the gang-plate to the faceplate above and below the center thereof, whereby torsional movement of the gang plate relative to the face-plate is eliminated, a crank-shaft journaled in the draft-arm and extending through the arch-box and gangplate and keyed to the gang-plate for rotarymovement eonjunctively therewith, the axlearm journaled on the crank-shaft and adj ustable circumferentially thereof, the axle 0n the axle-arm, the supporting-wheels carrying said axle, the arch members pivotally carried by said arch-box, the gang, and a rearwardlyextending supporting-arm on the arch-box arranged to receive the gang at times.

25. In a cultivator, an arch-box, a draftarm and a face-plate on opposite ends of said arch-box, bolts connecting said draft-arm and face-plate above and below the centers thereof, the gang-plate journaled in the face-plate, the clamp locking the gang-plate to the faceplate above and below the center thereof, whereby torsional movement of the gangplate relative to the face-plate is eliminated, a crank-shaft journaled in the draft-arm and extending through the arch-box and gangplate and keyed to the gang-plate for rotary movement conjunctively therewith, the axlearm journaled on the crank-shaft and adjustable circumferentially thereof, the axle on the axle-arm, the supporting-wheels carrying said axle, the arch members pivotally carried by said arch-box, the gang on the gang-plate, a rearwardly-extending hooked bracket on the arch-box, and a-rear support on said arch-box arranged to engage the soil and support the arch-box, arch members and gang at times.

26. In a cultivator, the arch-box, the draftarm thereon, the crank-shaft in the arch-box, the axle-arm journaled on the crank-shaft, and means for firmly clamping said members together at points above and below the center thereof,-whereby torsional movement of the crank-arm, axle-arm and draft-arm relative to each other and to the arch-box is eliminated.

27. In a cultivator, the arch-box, the draftarm and the face-plate rigidly connected, the crank-shaft and axle-arm detachably connected thereto at one end and the gang-plate detachably connected thereto at the other end, the gang-plate or crank-shaft and axle-arm removable without disconnecting the faceplate or draft-arm from the arch-box.

Signed by me at Des Moines, Iowa, this 12th day of January, 1903.

- MUCKERSIE G. GRAHAM. l/Vitnesses:

- R. G. ORWIG,

WALKER M. BLAoK. 

